How anti-vaxxers get around Instagram’s new hashtag controls
Coda Story
Link Calibrate: Attack, Calibrate: Defend
Anti-Vaccine
Instagram
Hashtag Hijacking, Obfuscated Post Content
2020-06-12
Isobel Cockerell, Sofiya Voznaya
As wildfires rage, false antifa rumors spur pleas from police
NBC News
Link Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack, Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend
2020 California Wildfires, Antifa, QAnon, Black Lives Matter, Proud Boys
Fabricated Content
Article, Text Post
Facebook, Twitter
Facebook Groups, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-09-11
Brandy Zadrozny, Ben Collins
Reporting for Duty: How A Network of Pakistan-Based Accounts Leveraged Mass Reporting to Silence Critics
Stanford University
Link Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Amplify: Attack
Human Rights Activists, Islam, Pakistan, Marketing, Anti-Semitism, Government, Military, Coronavirus
Inauthentic Reporting, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages, Hashtag, Image, Video, Meme
Facebook, Instagram, YouTube
Inauthentic Post Amplification, Brigading, Facebook Groups
Pakistan, India
2020-09-01
Shelby Grossman, Ross Ewald, Jennifer John, Asfandyar Mir, Kim Ngo, Natasha Patel, David Thiel
Pakistan
How conspiracy theories surged after the Beirut explosion
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack
2020 Beirut Explosion
Misleading Content
Text post, Video
Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter, WhatsApp
Government Figure, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-08-06
Emily Lewis
Facebook Removes Troll Farm Pretending to Be African-Americans in Support of Trump
NBC News
Link Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend
2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, 2020 US Election, QAnon, Trump
Comments / Replies, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages, Meme, Text post
Facebook, Instagram
Inauthentic Social Media Account
United States of America
2020-08-06
Ben Collins, Kevin Collier
Google queries in Africa reveal how coronavirus disinformation is evolving
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Defend
Coronavirus
WhatsApp
2020-08-05
Rachel Sherman
More celebrities join the growing conspiracy theory movement
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack
Anti-Vaccine, Anti-Semitism, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, QAnon
Text post, Video
Instagram, Twitter
2020-07-29
Isobel Cockerell
How K-pop information warfare outmaneuvered the far right
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Defend
Hashtag Hijacking
2020-07-24
Chaewon Chung, Isobel Cockerell, Rachel Sherman
K-pop fans
Duterte’s troll armies drown out Covid-19 dissent in the Philippines
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack
Coronavirus
Comments / Replies, Hashtag, Imposter Social Media Accounts, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Bot Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account
Phillipines
2020-07-21
Lynzy Billing, Sofiya Voznaya
The Conspiracy Singularity Has Arrived
Vice News
Link Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, George Floyd Killing, Government, QAnon
2020-07-17
Anna Merlan
In Kazakhstan, coronavirus conspiracies are the latest celebrity craze
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Publish: Attack, Research: Defend
Coronavirus
Misleading Content
Misleading Statistics, Text post
Government Website, Instagram, Telegram, WhatsApp
Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
Khazakhstan
2020-07-17
Katiya Patin
Doctor by day, anti-disinfo warrior by night: fighting Yemen’s Covid-19 crisis
Coda Story
Link Position: Defend, Produce: Defend, Research: Defend
Coronavirus
False Context
Article, Inauthentic Fake News Accusation, Misleading Statistics, Oral Statement
Facebook, Government Figure, State Media
Yemen
2020-07-10
Casey Coombs
Tensions skyrocket in Serbia as the president casts street protestors as violent conspiracists
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack
Anti-Government Protests, Government
Inauthentic Fake News Accusation
Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting
Government Figure, Mainstream Media
Serbia
2020-07-09
Katiya Patin
Right-Wing Media Outlets Duped by a Middle East Propaganda Campaign
The Daily Beast
Link Middle East, State funded media
Imposter Content
Text post
Alternative Media, LinkedIn, Twitter
Inauthentic News Site, Inauthentic Persona, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Public Figure / Celebrity
Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Quatar, Turkey, United Arab Emirates
2020-07-07
Adam Rawnsley
South Korean police don’t use purple dye cannons on protesters
Full Fact
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests
Fabricated Content
Image, Text post
Facebook
United Kingdom
2020-06-26
Rachael Krishna
Facebook post about Italy, coronavirus and 5G is almost all false
Full Fact
Link 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Article, Text post
Alternative Media, Facebook, Personal Website
"Please Share" Call to Action
2020-06-26
Grace Rahman
Alcohol-based hand sanitiser cannot catch fire, without a spark, just because it's in a hot car
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Healthcare
Misleading Content
Text post
Facebook, Government Figure
United Kingdom
2020-06-24
Rachael Krishna
Footballers aren’t banned from wearing the poppy
Full Fact
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Political Correctness
False Context
Screenshot, Text post
Facebook
"Please Share" Call to Action
United Kingdom
2020-06-24
Abbas Panjwani
Coronavirus: How a false rumour led to hate online
BBC News, BBC Reality Check
Link Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Healthcare
Imposter Content, Misleading Content
Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Text post, Video
Facebook, Inauthentic Website, Twitter, YouTube
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-06-19
Jack Goodman
Jordan Sather
Sioux Falls Chamber apologizes for saying protest buses came to city from Fargo
INFORUM
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests
Fabricated Content
Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-06-07
Barry Amundson
White nationalist group posing as antifa called for violence on Twitter
NBC News
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Antifa, George Floyd Killing
Fabricated Content
Hashtag, Manipulated Image, Screenshot, Text post
Compromised Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text Message, Twitter
Bot Account, Compromised Social Media Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-06-02
Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny, Emmanuelle Saliba
Identity Evropa
George Floyd’s ‘Fake’ Death
New York Times
Link George Floyd Killing
Fabricated Content
Text post, Video
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-06-01
Davey Alba
JonXArmy, QAnon
The George Soros Conspiracy
New York Times
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, George Floyd Killing, George Soros
Fabricated Content
Text post, Video
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
Government Figure
2020-06-01
Davey Alba
Antifa Misinformation-
New York Times
Link 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Antifa
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Documents, Text post
Facebook, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter
Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-06-01
Davey Alba
Like a virus; The coordinated spread of coronavirus disinformation
Centre for Responsible Technology, The Australia Institute
Link Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare, Marketing, QAnon
Article, Image, Manipulated Image, Meme, Text post
Twitter
Bot Account, Compromised Social Media Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account
Istanbul, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Turkey, United States of America
2020-05-31
Axel Bruns, Guangnan Zhu, Rod Campbell, Timothy Graham
Pro-Trump, QAnon, Republican
How coronavirus 'changes the game' for the anti-vaccination movement
ABC News
Link 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Meme, Retweets/Likes, Text post, Video
Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, TikTok, YouTube
Facebook Groups, Hashtag Hijacking, Public Figure / Celebrity
Australia
2020-05-30
Ariel Bogle, Michael Workman, Stephen Hutcheon
Troll farms from North Macedonia and the Philippines pushed coronavirus disinformation on Facebook
NBC News
Link 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Video
Alternative Media, Facebook
Facebook Groups, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account
2020-05-29
Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny
Amazing Cures, Brighteon, Content farm, GMO Dangers, Mike Adams, Natural News, NewsTarget, North Macedonia, Philippines, The Health Ranger
Revealed: US-funded website spreading COVID misinformation in Armenia
openDemocracy
Link Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Article
Alternative Media
Armenia
2020-05-28
Tatev Hovhannisyan
The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views
Nature Research Journal
Link Anti-Vaccine
Facebook
Facebook Groups
2020-05-13
Minzhang Zheng, Neil Johnson, Nicholas Gabriel, Nicholas Johnson Restrepo, Nicolas Velásquez, Pedro Manrique, Rhys Leahy, Sara El Oud, Stefan Wuchty, Yonatan Lupu
Viral Facebook post is wrong on deaths in first three months of 2020
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Healthcare
Manipulated Content
Screenshot, Text post
Facebook
United Kingdom
2020-05-12
Leo Benedictus
Two police forces did not use the same photo to illustrate two different lockdown crimes
Full Fact
Link Emergency Services
Fabricated Content
Image, Manipulated Image, Screenshot, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
United Kingdom
2020-05-11
Rachael Krishna
A scientific review did not conclude that there are no cases of children transmitting the new coronavirus
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
False Connection
Article
Mainstream Media Reporting
Mainstream Media
United Kingdom
2020-05-07
Kate Lewis
Health Secretary uses Facebook poll to estimate coronavirus tracking app take-up
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Misleading Content
Article, Oral Statement
Government Website, Oral Statement
Government Figure
United Kingdom
2020-05-07
Abbas Panjwani
The Control of Diseases Act was not changed in April to say you can be forcibly vaccinated
Full Fact
Link Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus
False Connection
Text post, Video
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity
United Kingdom
2020-05-07
Grace Rahman
This post about Covid-19 and blood clotting conditions contains inaccuracies
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Healthcare
Misleading Content
Text post
Facebook, Twitter
United Kingdom
2020-05-07
Kate Lewis
There’s no evidence immigrants caused a PPE shipment to be destroyed at Dover
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Immigration
Fabricated Content
Image, Text post
Facebook
United Kingdom
2020-05-05
Joseph O'Leary
It's incorrect to say flu vaccines don't work
Full Fact
Link Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare
Misleading Content
Image, Text post
Facebook
2020-05-05
Kate Lewis
A Nobel Prize-winning immunologist has not said coronavirus is manmade, as claimed
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Image, Screenshot, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-04-30
Abbas Panjwani
The Maytrix Group receives no money from Captain Tom’s fundraiser
Full Fact
Link Charity
False Context
Image, Screenshot, Text post
Facebook
United Kingdom
2020-04-30
Claire Milne
Hungary’s new coronavirus legislation could have journalists jailed
Coda Story
Link Calibrate: Attack, Position: Attack
Disinformation
Hungary
2020-04-30
Matej Voda
Own Government
An image of a dog vaccine for a different coronavirus has gone viral
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus
False Connection
Image, Screenshot
Facebook
2020-04-23
Grace Rahman
Uncovering Operation NEPTUN, the Cold War’s Most Daring Disinformation Campaign
WIRED
Link Cold War, Operation NEPTUN
False Context
Inauthentic Documents
Mainstream Media Reporting
Mainstream Media
Germany
2020-04-15
Thomas Rid
If you need the police but can’t talk, dial 999 from a mobile, then 55 when prompted and don’t hang up
Full Fact
Link Emergency Services, Feminism
Manipulated Content
Text post
Twitter
Government Figure, Legitimate Business / Charity Organisation, Public Figure / Celebrity
United Kingdom
2020-04-14
Claire Milne, Grace Rahman
Meet the celebrities pushing 5G coronavirus conspiracies to millions of fans
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack
5G, Coronavirus
False Context
Comments / Replies, Text post, Video
Instagram, Twitter
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-04-14
Ashley Jung, Isobel Cockerell
This viral voice message about ambulances shared on WhatsApp is inaccurate
Full Fact
Link Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Voice Message
Text Message, WhatsApp
United Kingdom
2020-04-08
Claire Milne
Blocking information on COVID-19 can fuel the spread of misinformation
Nature Research Journal
Link Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend
Coronavirus
Fabricated Content
Twitter, Government Figure
Inauthentic Social Media Account
United States of America, Iran, Russia
2020-03-30
Heidi Larson
Disinformation about Qatar surges in wake of COVID-19
Coda Story
Link Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack
Coronavirus
Hashtag
Twitter
Bot Account
Quatar
2020-03-23
Burhanw Wazir
With help from American activists, Ukrainian women are being misled about abortion
openDemocracy
Link Abortion
Imposter Content
Inauthentic Website
Inauthentic Website
Ukraine
2020-03-18
Tetiana Kozak
False coronavirus rumors surge in 'hidden viral' text messages
NBC News
Link Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Text post
Text Message, WhatsApp
"Please Share" Call to Action
United States of America
2020-03-16
Ben Collins
Inside Italian public hospitals, I saw how a US-linked anti-abortion network is ‘humiliating’ women
openDemocracy
Link Abortion
Misleading Content
Inauthentic Advertisement
Inauthentic Advertisement, Poster
Italy
2020-03-09
Francesca Visser
Heartbeat International, Movimento per la Vita
This little girl has not vanished from your local area-
Full Fact
Link Missing Persons
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Website, Text post
Facebook
United Kingdom
2020-03-02
Rachael Krishna
How fake videos unravelled Pakistan’s war on polio
First Draft
Link Anti-Vaccine, Government, Healthcare
False Context
Video
Facebook, Twitter
Government Figure
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Peshawar
2020-02-20
Lydia Morrish
First Draft case study: Exploring the controversy around Dengvaxia and vaccine misinformation in the Philippines
First Draft
Link Anti-Vaccine, Government, Healthcare
Fabricated Content, False Connection, Misleading Content
Image, Meme, Screenshot, Text post, Video
Alternative Media, Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter
Facebook Groups, Mainstream Media
Phillipines
2020-02-20
Jacquelyn Mason, Rory Smith
Revealed: US-linked anti-abortion centres ‘lie’ and ‘scare women’ across Latin America
openDemocracy
Link Abortion
Imposter Content
Inauthentic Website
Inauthentic Website
Latin America, Mexico
2020-02-12
Isabella Cota
Exclusive: Trump-linked religious ‘extremists’ target women with disinformation worldwide
openDemocracy
Link Abortion
Fabricated Content, Imposter Content
Article, Inauthentic Website
In-person, Inauthentic Services, Inauthentic Website
Argentina, Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Italy, Latin America, Mexico, Spain, Uganda
2020-02-10
Claire Provost, Nandini Archer
Heartbeat International, Human Life International
Facebook says a pro-Trump media outlet used artificial intelligence to create fake people and push conspiracies
NBC News
Link Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend
Trump
Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages
Facebook
Inauthentic Social Media Account, Online Advertisements, Public Figure / Celebrity
2019-12-20
Ben Collins
Epoch Times
THE WAR ON PINEAPPLE: Understanding Foreign Interference in 5 Steps
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security
Link Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend, Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack, Publish: Defend, Research: Attack
Bot Account, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
2019-07-01
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security
It’s not true that dialling 55 in a silent 999 call lets the police track your location
Full Fact
Link Emergency Services
Manipulated Content
Image
Facebook
"Please Share" Call to Action
United Kingdom
2019-01-23
Grace Rahman
OF VIRALITY AND VIRUSES: THE ANTI-VACCINE MOVEMENT AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Nautilus Institite
Link Amplify: Attack
Anti-Vaccine, September 11 Attacks, Personal Attack
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Google Search
Online Advertisements, Cross Platform Sharing, Hashtag Hijacking, Public Figure / Celebrity, Mainstream Media, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Brigading, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Bot Account
United States of America
2018-11-08
Renée Diresta
SOCIAL MEDIA BOTS OVERVIEW
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security
Link Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend, Publish: Attack, Publish: Defend
Bot Account
2018-05-01
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security
Why we need to understand misinformation through visuals
First Draft
Link Fabricated Content
Image
Twitter
Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
United Kingdom
2017-10-17
Hannah Guy
Has change really come? Misleading graphs and how to spot them
Rappler
Link Government
Misleading Content
Oral Statement, Text post
Government Figure, Government Website, Oral Statement
Government Figure
Phillipines
2017-08-05
JC Punongbayan
Ferial Haffajee: The Gupta Fake News Factory And Me
HUFFPOST
Link Feminism, Mainstream Media, Personal Attack
Fabricated Content, Satire or Parody
Image, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Manipulated Image, Meme, Text post
Twitter
Bot Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account
2017-08-02
Ferial Haffajee, Marc Davies
Kenya election: Fake CNN and BBC news reports circulate
BBC News
Link Elections, Government
Fabricated Content, Imposter Content
Video
Twitter, WhatsApp
Kenya
2017-07-29
Unattributed
Did Emmanuel Macron open an offshore account ?
CrossCheck, First Draft
Link Elections, Government
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Screenshot
*chan, Alternative Media, Forum Post, Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting
Government Figure, Mainstream Media
France
2017-05-05
Unattributed
Did London Muslims “celebrate” a terrorist attack on the Champs-Elysees?
CrossCheck, First Draft
Link Manipulated Content
Text post, Video
Twitter
Public Figure / Celebrity
France, United Kingdom
2017-04-22
Unattributed
How Russia Is Using LinkedIn as a Tool of War Against Its U.S. Enemies
Newsweek
Link Article, Comments / Replies, Meme
LinkedIn
2017-03-08
Jeff Stein
Was Macron’s campaign for the French presidency financed by Saudi Arabia?
CrossCheck, First Draft
Link Elections, Government
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Website, Screenshot, Text post
Government Figure, Inauthentic Website, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter
Government Figure, Mainstream Media
France
2017-03-02
Unattributed
Meet the Macedonian Teens Who Mastered Fake News and Corrupted the US Election
WIRED
Link Clinton, Elections, Government, Healthcare, Trump
Fabricated Content
Article, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Website, Text post
Facebook, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Website, Personal Website
Facebook Groups
United States of America
2017-02-15
Samanth Subramanian
Content farm, North Macedonia, Veles
Trump Trolls Tell Hillary Clinton Supporters They Can Vote Via Text
Forbes
Link Elections, Government
Fabricated Content, Satire or Parody
Image, Inauthentic Advertisement, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Inauthentic Post Amplification
United States of America
2016-11-03
Fruzsina Eordogh
What was fake on the Internet this election: #DraftOurDaughters, Trump’s tax returns
The Washington Post
Link Clinton, Elections, Immigration, Trump
Fabricated Content, False Connection, Manipulated Content, Satire or Parody
Article, Hashtag, Image, Manipulated Image, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account
United States of America
2016-10-31
Abby Ohlheiser
Former 'Kremlin Troll' Awarded $0.01 in Victory Over 'Propaganda Factory'
Vice News
Link Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack
Government, Pro-Government
Comments / Replies
Mainstream Media Websites: Comments / Replies
Inauthentic Social Media Account
2015-08-18
Unattributed
Agency for Internet Studies, Russia
Haunting 'Nepal quake victims' photo from Vietnam
BBC News
Link Disaster recovery, Nepal Earthquake
False Context
Image, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
2015-05-04
Nga Pham
Surge of Virus Misinformation Stumps Facebook and Twitter
New York Times
Link Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend
Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Imposter Content, Manipulated Content
Comments / Replies, Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Screenshot, Text post, Video
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
Facebook Groups
2020-03-08
Sheera Frenkel, Davey Alba, Raymond Zhong
QAnon: What is it and where did it come from?
BBC News, BBC Reality Check
Link Clinton, QAnon, Trump
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-08-20
Mike Wendling
Man pleads guilty to terrorism after Hoover Dam barricade
AP News
Link QAnon
2020-02-12
Ariz Kingman
QAnon conspiracy theory on James Comey shuts school festival
BBC News
Link QAnon
Manipulated Content
Comments / Replies, Manipulated Image, Text post
Twitter
2019-05-10
Unattributed
Eric Trump Promotes QAnon Conspiracy On Instagram While Plugging Tulsa Rally
Forbes
Link Amplify: Attack
QAnon
Image, Text post
Instagram
Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-06-20
Jack Brewster
QAnon: Twitter bans accounts linked to conspiracy theory
BBC News
Link Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend
QAnon
Twitter
2020-07-22
Unattributed
Here are the QAnon supporters running for Congress in 2020
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack
Elections, Government, QAnon
Comments / Replies, Hashtag, Image, Retweets/Likes, Text post, Video
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube
Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-07-01
Alex Kaplan
The definitive guide to Fox News' vaccine conspiracy theories
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack
Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Anti-Vaccine
Oral Statement, Video
Facebook, Mainstream Media Reporting, YouTube
Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-09-14
Madeline Peltz
Fox News
A Sinclair interview of Trump's new COVID-19 adviser was full of misinformation
Media Matters
Link Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack
Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus
Oral Statement, Video
Mainstream Media Reporting
Mainstream Media
United States of America
2020-09-15
Zachary Pleat
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Trump amplified a bogus QAnon misinformation campaign against the CDC that is now flooding social media
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack
Coronavirus, QAnon
False Context
Hashtag, Image, Meme, Misleading Statistics, Text post
Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter
Facebook Groups, Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-09-03
Olivia Little, Alex Kaplan
How Sinclair Broadcast Group is spreading dangerous coronavirus misinformation to local television news audiences
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack
Coronavirus
Oral Statement, Video
Mainstream Media Reporting
Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-07-27
Zachary Pleat
Sinclair Broadcast Group
News outlets give Trump the headlines he wants for vaporware drug executive order
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack
2020 US Election, Government, Healthcare, Trump
False Connection, Fabricated Content
Article, Text post
Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter
Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-09-14
Matt Gertz
A conspiracy theory about West Coast wildfires is flooding Facebook despite the site’s promises to remove misinformation
Media Matters
Link Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack
2020 California Wildfires, Antifa, QAnon
Imposter Content, Fabricated Content
Hashtag, Image, Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Screenshot, Text post
Facebook
Facebook Groups, Coordinated user action
United States of America
2020-09-15
Olivia Little, Alex Kaplan
Facebook’s big QAnon crackdown might have come too late
The Verge
Link Calibrate: Defend, Position: Attack, Position: Defend
QAnon
Facebook, Twitter, Reddit
United States of America
2020-06-20
Casey Newton
The Boogaloo movement has successfully hijacked social networks to spread
The Verge
Link Calibrate: Defend, Research: Defend
Boogaloo Movement
Facebook
Facebook Groups
2020-06-25
Casey Newton
The Technology 202: Facebook struggles to keep violent 'boogaloo' content off its platform
The Washington Post
Link Calibrate: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Research: Defend
2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Bill Gates, George Soros, Boogaloo Movement
Facebook
Facebook Groups, Facebook Algorithm
2020-06-24
Tonya Riley, Cat Zakrzewski
A woman inspired by QAnon conspiracy videos was arrested after live-streaming her trip to 'take out' Joe Biden
Insider
Link 2020 US Election, Clinton, Coronavirus, QAnon
Facebook
United States of America
2020-05-01
Margot Harris
A QAnon conspiracy theory about Oprah Winfrey went so viral that it provoked her to respond, showing the scope of coronavirus misinformation
Insider
Link Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack
QAnon
Facebook, Twitter
Cross Platform Sharing, Coordinated user action, Twitter Algorithm
2020-03-18
Kat Tenbarge
Alt-right conspiracy group Q'Anon won't stop believing in its Trump-related prophecies, even after they fail
Insider
Link Research: Defend
Clinton, George Soros, QAnon
*chan, Alternative Media
Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2018-10-10
Michael Barkun
These influencers and celebrities are spreading debunked coronavirus hoaxes on their massive platforms
Insider
Link Amplify: Attack
Coronavirus
Satire or Parody, Fabricated Content
Screenshot, Text post, Voice Message
Instagram, Twitter
Please Share Call to Action, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-03-17
Kat Tenbarge
QAnon conspiracy theorists are telling people to drink bleach as a cure against the deadly Wuhan coronavirus
Insider
Link Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack
Coronavirus, QAnon, Miracle Mineral Solution
Video
Personal Website, Twitter, YouTube
2020-01-29
Tom Porter
Unlicensed medical 'cures' are flourishing in closed Facebook groups, where cancer treatments — and even surgery — are sold beyond the reach of the law
Insider
Link Position: Attack, Publish: Attack
Healthcare, MMS
Inauthentic Social Media Accounts
Facebook, Personal Website, YouTube
Facebook Groups
2019-10-18
Tom Porter
How conspiracy theorists who claim drinking 'MMS' bleach is a cure for autism reached millions of people on YouTube
Business Insider
Link Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend
Anti-Vaccine, Disinformation, Healthcare, MMS
Video
Facebook, YouTube
Cross Platform Sharing, YouTube Algorithm
2019-05-21
Tom Porter
British man arrested in Uganda after promoting 'MMS' bleach as a cure for HIV and malaria
Business Insider
Link Healthcare, MMS
YouTube
Uganda
2019-05-23
Tom Porter
How three conspiracy theorists took 'Q' and sparked Qanon
NBC News
Link Position: Attack
Disinformation, QAnon
*chan, Facebook, Reddit, YouTube
Cross Platform Sharing
2018-08-14
Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny
California Wildfire Suspect Posted About QAnon, Other Conspiracies
HUFFPOST
Link QAnon, 2018 California Wildfires
United States of America
2018-10-08
Sebastian Murdock
Twitter is bringing its ‘read before you retweet’ prompt to all users
The Verge
Link Amplify: Defend
Twitter
2020-09-25
James Vincent
‘Ghostwriter’ Influence Campaign: REPORT Unknown Actors Leverage Website Compromises and Fabricated Content to Push Narratives Aligned with Russian Security Interests
FireEye
Link Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor
Coronavirus, Military, Nato
Imposter Content, Manipulated Content, Fabricated Content
Article, Inauthentic Documents, Manipulated Image, Screenshot
Alternative Media, Inauthentic Website, Compromised Website
Inauthentic Persona, Compromised Account, Inauthentic Account, Targeted Email
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland
2020-07-29
Unattributed
Ghostwriter
Vaccine Proponents Receive Death Threats. Again.
Forbes
Link Impact: Aggressor
Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare
United States of America
2019-07-22
Nina Shapiro
Anti-Vaxxers Brought Their War to Minnesota—Then Came Measles
WIRED
Link Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender
Anti-Vaccine
United States of America
2017-05-07
Megan Molenti
Why Minnesota lost a battle against anti-vaccine campaigners
Vox
Link Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender
Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare
Oral Statement
In-person
United States of America
2017-05-16
Julia Belluz
Anti-vaccine group sues Facebook, claims fact-checking is “censorship”
Ars Technica
Link Calibrate: Aggressor, Amplify: Defender
Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare
Facebook
2020-08-18
Kate Cox
A call to arms: helping family, friends and communities navigate the COVID-19 infodemic
Nature Research Journal
Link Research: Defender
Coronavirus, Healthcare
2020-07-02
Heidi Larson
Samoa Arrests Anti-Vaccination Activist As Measles Death Toll Rises
NPR
Link Impact: Aggressor, Position: Defender, Impact: Defender
Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare
Facebook
Samoa
2019-12-06
Merrit Kennedy
Anti-vaccine groups take dangerous online harassment into the real world
NBC News
Link Impact: Aggressor
Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Reviews
United States of America
2019-12-06
Brandy Zadrozny, Erika Edwards
QAnon Key Figure Revealed as Financial Information Security Analyst from New Jersey
Logically
Link Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Research: Defender
QAnon
*chan, Personal Website
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-09-10
Unattributed
Conspiracy Theorists Without Borders: How QAnon Mutated In Europe
Logically
Link Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor
QAnon, Reichsbürgerbewegung
Meme, Music
Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube
Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity
France, Germany, United States of America
2020-09-24
Kristina Gildejeva
Disinformation’s spread: bots, trolls and all of us
Nature Research Journal
Link Research: Defender, Impact: Defender
2019-07-24
Kate Starbird
Twitter is testing how its misinformation labels can be more obvious, direct
Reuters
Link Amplify: Defender
2020 US Election, Coronavirus
Twitter
Twitter Algorithm
2020-10-06
Elizabeth Culliford
This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories Outperformed Real News On Facebook
Buzfeed News
Link Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor
Clinton, Trump, 2016 US Election
Satire or Parody, Fabricated Content
Article
Facebook
Facebook Algorithm
2016-11-16
Craig Silverman
Burrard Street Journal, Conservative State, Ending the Fed
YouTube bans QAnon, other conspiracy content that targets individuals
NBC News
Link Impact: Aggressor, Amplify: Defender
QAnon
Video
YouTube
YouTube Algorithm
2020-10-15
Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny
The Danger of Overstating the Impact of Information Operations
Lawfare
Link Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender
2020-10-23
Yochai Benkler
As Local News Dies, a Pay-for-Play Network Rises in Its Place
New York Times
Link Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
2020 US Election, Elections, Government
Article
Alternative Media
United States of America
2020-10-18
Davey Alba, Jack Nicas
Democrats Are Launching “News” Outlets to Turn Swing-State Voters Against Trump
Vice News
Link Position: Aggressor
2020 US Election, Elections
Article, Inauthentic Reporting
Alternative Media
United States of America
2019-07-24
David Uberti
How a fake persona laid the groundwork for a Hunter Biden conspiracy deluge
NBC News
Link Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor
2020 US Election
Inauthentic Documents
*chan, Alternative Media, Facebook, Personal Website, Reddit, Twitter
Inauthentic Persona, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-10-29
Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny
‘#OperationBlockTheBus’: Inside the Pro-Trump FB Group Where Biden Bus Convoy Was Organized
Snopes
Link Impact: Aggressor
2020 US Election, QAnon
Facebook
Facebook Groups
United States of America
2020-11-02
Unattributed
Winston Churchill waged war on paper over 'fake news' photo caption
The Guardian
Link Produce: Aggressor
Disinformation, Government
Government Figure
United Kingdom
2020-08-09
Jamie Doward
Zoom lied to users about end-to-end encryption for years, FTC says
Ars Technica
Link Publish: Aggressor, Publish: Defender
Corporate Inauthenticity
Manipulated Content
Article, Inauthentic Advertisement
Company Website
2020-11-09
Jon Brodkin
Steve Bannon Caught Running a Network of Misinformation Pages on Facebook
Gizmodo
Link Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Position: Defender
2020 US Election
Facebook
Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-10-11
Whitney Kimball
Microsoft: ‘please do not blow vape smoke into your Xbox Series X’
The Verge
Link Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Defender
Products
Manipulated Content
Video
Twitter
2020-11-11
Chaim Gartenberg
The different forms of COVID-19 misinformation and their consequences
Harvard Kennedy School
Link Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Amplify: Defender
Coronavirus
Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity
United States of America
2020-11-16
Adam Enders, Casey Klofstad, Joseph Uscinski, Justin Stoler
Delusional COVID Truthers Try to Invade Hospital Where This Mom Died Too Soon
Daily Beast
Link Impact: Aggressor
Coronavirus
United States of America
2020-11-18
Michael Daly
A QAnon Mom Is Accused Of Killing A Man After She Believed He Was Keeping Her Children From Her
Buzzfeed News
Link Impact: Aggressor
QAnon
United States of America
2020-11-18
Tasneem Nashrulla
Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence
Plos One
Link Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender
Climate Crisis
2017-05-05
John Cook, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich Ecker
An AI tool can distinguish between a conspiracy theory and a true conspiracy
Nieman Lab
Link Position: Defender, Produce: Defender
Pizzagate
*chan, Reddit
2020-11-16
Timothy Tangherlini
USING AI IN THE WAR AGAINST FAKE NEWS
Mike Walsh
Link Produce: Defender, Publish: Defender
Pizzagate
2020-08-27
Mike Walsh, Timothy Tangherlini
Dissecting the #PizzaGate Conspiracy Theories
New York Times
Link Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
Pizzagate
*chan, Facebook, Reddit, Twitter, YouTube
2016-12-10
Cecilia Kang, Gregor Aisch, Jon Huang
The disinformation system that Trump unleashed will outlast him. Here’s what reality-based journalists must do about it.
The Washington Post
Link Publish: Defender, Amplify: Defender, Impact: Defender
2020 US Election, Trump
Mainstream Media Reporting
Mainstream Media
United States of America
2020-11-22
Margaret Sullivan
QAnon's Dominion voter fraud conspiracy theory reaches the president
NBC News
Link Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor
2020 US Election, QAnon
Alternative Media, Twitter
2020-11-13
Ben Collins
How Steve Bannon and a Chinese Billionaire Created a Right-Wing Coronavirus Media Sensation
New York Times
Link Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Position: Defender, Publish: Defender, Amplify: Defender
2020 US Election, Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare
Article, Inauthentic Reporting, Video
Alternative Media, Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter, YouTube, Parler, Podcast
Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Account, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-11-20
Amy Qin, Danny Hakim, Vivian Wang
Designed to Deceive: Do These People Look Real to You?
New York Times
Link Position: Defender
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Social Media Accounts
Inauthentic Persona
2020-11-21
Jeremy White, Kashmir Hill
How fake faces are being weaponized online
CNN
Link Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
Human Rights Activists, Trump
Fabricated Content
Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post
Facebook, Twitter
Inauthentic Account
2020-02-20
Donnie O'Sullivan
Neither youth nor maturity makes you immune to misinformation
SunSentinel
Link Research: Defender
2020-11-20
Carol McCarthy
Hundreds dead' because of Covid-19 misinformation
BBC News
Link Impact: Aggressor
Coronavirus, Miracle Mineral Solution
2020-08-12
Alistair Coleman
Telegram Still Hasn’t Removed an AI Bot That’s Abusing Women
WIRED
Link Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Publish: Defender
Manipulated Content
Deepfake
Telegram
2020-11-18
Matt Burgess
How a Terror Group Recruited Budding Neo-Nazis
Vice News
Link Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender
White Supremacy
Telegram, iFunny
2020-11-24
Ben Makuch, Mack Lamoureux, Zachary Kamel
The Base
Neo-Nazi Terror Groups Are Using iFunny to Recruit
Vice News
Link Position: Aggressor
White Supremacy
Meme, Video
iFunny, Telegram
2019-11-14
Mack Lamoureux, Zachary Kamel
Quick D: UFO on the Moon
Captain Disillusion
Link Produce: Aggressor
Fabricated Content
Video
2020-01-03
Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion
Hundreds dead' because of Covid-19 misinformation
BBC News, BBC Reality Check
Link Impact: Aggressor
Coronavirus, Miracle Mineral Solution
2020-08-12
Alistair Coleman
Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation
BBC News
Link Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender
5G, Coronavirus, White Supremacy
Text post
Facebook, Government Figure, Twitter, YouTube
Public Figure / Celebrity
2020-05-27
Marianna Spring
How I talk to the victims of conspiracy theories
BBC News
Link Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender
Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare, QAnon
2020-11-01
Marianna Spring
Quick D: Gyro Drop
Captain Disillusion
Link Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
Manipulated Content
Video
Twitter, YouTube
2019-10-04
Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion
Mr. Flare Explains: The Virgin Mary
Captain Disillusion
Link Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
Manipulated Content
Video
Reddit
2018-12-12
Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion
Marble Sorting Machine DEBUNK
Captain Disillusion
Link Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor
Fabricated Content
Video
Facebook, YouTube
2018-06-28
Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion
The Kraken: What is it and why has Trump's ex-lawyer released it?
BBC News, BBC Reality Check
Link Amplify: Aggressor
2020 US Election, QAnon
2020-11-28
Unattributed
Brave New War
The Atlantic
Link Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender
Government, Military
2015-12-29
Peter Pomerantsev
Local Green Group Actually a Front for Far-Right Activists
Vice News
Link Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender
Climate Crisis, White Supremacy
In-person, Instagram, Telegram, Twitter
2020-10-27
https://www.vice.com/en/article/93wkk7/generation-identity-uk-local-matters-far-right