A filter has been applied to the Content Context column of the database to only return Anti-Vaccine content
| Article Title | Source | Link | Disinformation Cycle Stage | Content Context | Information Disorder Type | Content Type | Dissemination Platform | Amplification Method | Geography | Article Publish Date | Article Author | Aggressor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How anti-vaxxers get around Instagram’s new hashtag controls | Coda Story | Calibrate: Attack, Calibrate: Defend | Anti-Vaccine | Hashtag Hijacking, Obfuscated Post Content | 2020-06-12 | Isobel Cockerell, Sofiya Voznaya | ||||||
| As wildfires rage, false antifa rumors spur pleas from police | NBC News | Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack, Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend | 2020 California Wildfires, Antifa, QAnon, Black Lives Matter, Proud Boys | Fabricated Content | Article, Text Post | Facebook, Twitter | Facebook Groups, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-09-11 | Brandy Zadrozny, Ben Collins | ||
| Reporting for Duty: How A Network of Pakistan-Based Accounts Leveraged Mass Reporting to Silence Critics | Stanford University | Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Amplify: Attack | Human Rights Activists, Islam, Pakistan, Marketing, Anti-Semitism, Government, Military, Coronavirus | Inauthentic Reporting, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages, Hashtag, Image, Video, Meme | Facebook, Instagram, YouTube | Inauthentic Post Amplification, Brigading, Facebook Groups | Pakistan, India | 2020-09-01 | Shelby Grossman, Ross Ewald, Jennifer John, Asfandyar Mir, Kim Ngo, Natasha Patel, David Thiel | Pakistan | ||
| How conspiracy theories surged after the Beirut explosion | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack | 2020 Beirut Explosion | Misleading Content | Text post, Video | Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter, WhatsApp | Government Figure, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-08-06 | Emily Lewis | |||
| Facebook Removes Troll Farm Pretending to Be African-Americans in Support of Trump | NBC News | Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, 2020 US Election, QAnon, Trump | Comments / Replies, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages, Meme, Text post | Facebook, Instagram | Inauthentic Social Media Account | United States of America | 2020-08-06 | Ben Collins, Kevin Collier | |||
| Google queries in Africa reveal how coronavirus disinformation is evolving | Coda Story | Amplify: Defend | Coronavirus | 2020-08-05 | Rachel Sherman | |||||||
| More celebrities join the growing conspiracy theory movement | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack | Anti-Vaccine, Anti-Semitism, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, QAnon | Text post, Video | Instagram, Twitter | 2020-07-29 | Isobel Cockerell | |||||
| How K-pop information warfare outmaneuvered the far right | Coda Story | Amplify: Defend | Hashtag Hijacking | 2020-07-24 | Chaewon Chung, Isobel Cockerell, Rachel Sherman | K-pop fans | ||||||
| Duterte’s troll armies drown out Covid-19 dissent in the Philippines | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack | Coronavirus | Comments / Replies, Hashtag, Imposter Social Media Accounts, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Bot Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account | Phillipines | 2020-07-21 | Lynzy Billing, Sofiya Voznaya | |||
| The Conspiracy Singularity Has Arrived | Vice News | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, George Floyd Killing, Government, QAnon | 2020-07-17 | Anna Merlan | ||||||||
| In Kazakhstan, coronavirus conspiracies are the latest celebrity craze | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Publish: Attack, Research: Defend | Coronavirus | Misleading Content | Misleading Statistics, Text post | Government Website, Instagram, Telegram, WhatsApp | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | Khazakhstan | 2020-07-17 | Katiya Patin | ||
| Doctor by day, anti-disinfo warrior by night: fighting Yemen’s Covid-19 crisis | Coda Story | Position: Defend, Produce: Defend, Research: Defend | Coronavirus | False Context | Article, Inauthentic Fake News Accusation, Misleading Statistics, Oral Statement | Facebook, Government Figure, State Media | Yemen | 2020-07-10 | Casey Coombs | |||
| Tensions skyrocket in Serbia as the president casts street protestors as violent conspiracists | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack | Anti-Government Protests, Government | Inauthentic Fake News Accusation | Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting | Government Figure, Mainstream Media | Serbia | 2020-07-09 | Katiya Patin | |||
| Right-Wing Media Outlets Duped by a Middle East Propaganda Campaign | The Daily Beast | Middle East, State funded media | Imposter Content | Text post | Alternative Media, LinkedIn, Twitter | Inauthentic News Site, Inauthentic Persona, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Public Figure / Celebrity | Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Quatar, Turkey, United Arab Emirates | 2020-07-07 | Adam Rawnsley | |||
| South Korean police don’t use purple dye cannons on protesters | Full Fact | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests | Fabricated Content | Image, Text post | United Kingdom | 2020-06-26 | Rachael Krishna | |||||
| Facebook post about Italy, coronavirus and 5G is almost all false | Full Fact | 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Article, Text post | Alternative Media, Facebook, Personal Website | "Please Share" Call to Action | 2020-06-26 | Grace Rahman | ||||
| Alcohol-based hand sanitiser cannot catch fire, without a spark, just because it's in a hot car | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Healthcare | Misleading Content | Text post | Facebook, Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2020-06-24 | Rachael Krishna | ||||
| Footballers aren’t banned from wearing the poppy | Full Fact | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Political Correctness | False Context | Screenshot, Text post | "Please Share" Call to Action | United Kingdom | 2020-06-24 | Abbas Panjwani | ||||
| Coronavirus: How a false rumour led to hate online | BBC News, BBC Reality Check | Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Imposter Content, Misleading Content | Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Text post, Video | Facebook, Inauthentic Website, Twitter, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-06-19 | Jack Goodman | Jordan Sather | |||
| Sioux Falls Chamber apologizes for saying protest buses came to city from Fargo | INFORUM | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests | Fabricated Content | Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-06-07 | Barry Amundson | ||||
| White nationalist group posing as antifa called for violence on Twitter | NBC News | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Antifa, George Floyd Killing | Fabricated Content | Hashtag, Manipulated Image, Screenshot, Text post | Compromised Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text Message, Twitter | Bot Account, Compromised Social Media Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-06-02 | Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny, Emmanuelle Saliba | Identity Evropa | ||
| George Floyd’s ‘Fake’ Death | New York Times | George Floyd Killing | Fabricated Content | Text post, Video | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube | Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-06-01 | Davey Alba | JonXArmy, QAnon | |||
| The George Soros Conspiracy | New York Times | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, George Floyd Killing, George Soros | Fabricated Content | Text post, Video | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube | Government Figure | 2020-06-01 | Davey Alba | ||||
| Antifa Misinformation- | New York Times | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Antifa | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Documents, Text post | Facebook, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter | Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-06-01 | Davey Alba | ||||
| Like a virus; The coordinated spread of coronavirus disinformation | Centre for Responsible Technology, The Australia Institute | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare, Marketing, QAnon | Article, Image, Manipulated Image, Meme, Text post | Bot Account, Compromised Social Media Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account | Istanbul, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Turkey, United States of America | 2020-05-31 | Axel Bruns, Guangnan Zhu, Rod Campbell, Timothy Graham | Pro-Trump, QAnon, Republican | ||||
| How coronavirus 'changes the game' for the anti-vaccination movement | ABC News | 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Meme, Retweets/Likes, Text post, Video | Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, TikTok, YouTube | Facebook Groups, Hashtag Hijacking, Public Figure / Celebrity | Australia | 2020-05-30 | Ariel Bogle, Michael Workman, Stephen Hutcheon | |||
| Troll farms from North Macedonia and the Philippines pushed coronavirus disinformation on Facebook | NBC News | 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Video | Alternative Media, Facebook | Facebook Groups, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account | 2020-05-29 | Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny | Amazing Cures, Brighteon, Content farm, GMO Dangers, Mike Adams, Natural News, NewsTarget, North Macedonia, Philippines, The Health Ranger | |||
| Revealed: US-funded website spreading COVID misinformation in Armenia | openDemocracy | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Article | Alternative Media | Armenia | 2020-05-28 | Tatev Hovhannisyan | ||||
| The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views | Nature Research Journal | Anti-Vaccine | Facebook Groups | 2020-05-13 | Minzhang Zheng, Neil Johnson, Nicholas Gabriel, Nicholas Johnson Restrepo, Nicolas Velásquez, Pedro Manrique, Rhys Leahy, Sara El Oud, Stefan Wuchty, Yonatan Lupu | |||||||
| Viral Facebook post is wrong on deaths in first three months of 2020 | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Healthcare | Manipulated Content | Screenshot, Text post | United Kingdom | 2020-05-12 | Leo Benedictus | |||||
| Two police forces did not use the same photo to illustrate two different lockdown crimes | Full Fact | Emergency Services | Fabricated Content | Image, Manipulated Image, Screenshot, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | United Kingdom | 2020-05-11 | Rachael Krishna | ||||
| A scientific review did not conclude that there are no cases of children transmitting the new coronavirus | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | False Connection | Article | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | United Kingdom | 2020-05-07 | Kate Lewis | |||
| Health Secretary uses Facebook poll to estimate coronavirus tracking app take-up | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Misleading Content | Article, Oral Statement | Government Website, Oral Statement | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2020-05-07 | Abbas Panjwani | |||
| The Control of Diseases Act was not changed in April to say you can be forcibly vaccinated | Full Fact | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus | False Connection | Text post, Video | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube | Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity | United Kingdom | 2020-05-07 | Grace Rahman | |||
| This post about Covid-19 and blood clotting conditions contains inaccuracies | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Healthcare | Misleading Content | Text post | Facebook, Twitter | United Kingdom | 2020-05-07 | Kate Lewis | ||||
| There’s no evidence immigrants caused a PPE shipment to be destroyed at Dover | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Immigration | Fabricated Content | Image, Text post | United Kingdom | 2020-05-05 | Joseph O'Leary | |||||
| It's incorrect to say flu vaccines don't work | Full Fact | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Misleading Content | Image, Text post | 2020-05-05 | Kate Lewis | ||||||
| A Nobel Prize-winning immunologist has not said coronavirus is manmade, as claimed | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Image, Screenshot, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-04-30 | Abbas Panjwani | ||||
| The Maytrix Group receives no money from Captain Tom’s fundraiser | Full Fact | Charity | False Context | Image, Screenshot, Text post | United Kingdom | 2020-04-30 | Claire Milne | |||||
| Hungary’s new coronavirus legislation could have journalists jailed | Coda Story | Calibrate: Attack, Position: Attack | Disinformation | Hungary | 2020-04-30 | Matej Voda | Own Government | |||||
| An image of a dog vaccine for a different coronavirus has gone viral | Full Fact | Coronavirus | False Connection | Image, Screenshot | 2020-04-23 | Grace Rahman | ||||||
| Uncovering Operation NEPTUN, the Cold War’s Most Daring Disinformation Campaign | WIRED | Cold War, Operation NEPTUN | False Context | Inauthentic Documents | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | Germany | 2020-04-15 | Thomas Rid | |||
| If you need the police but can’t talk, dial 999 from a mobile, then 55 when prompted and don’t hang up | Full Fact | Emergency Services, Feminism | Manipulated Content | Text post | Government Figure, Legitimate Business / Charity Organisation, Public Figure / Celebrity | United Kingdom | 2020-04-14 | Claire Milne, Grace Rahman | ||||
| Meet the celebrities pushing 5G coronavirus conspiracies to millions of fans | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack | 5G, Coronavirus | False Context | Comments / Replies, Text post, Video | Instagram, Twitter | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-04-14 | Ashley Jung, Isobel Cockerell | |||
| This viral voice message about ambulances shared on WhatsApp is inaccurate | Full Fact | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Voice Message | Text Message, WhatsApp | United Kingdom | 2020-04-08 | Claire Milne | ||||
| Blocking information on COVID-19 can fuel the spread of misinformation | Nature Research Journal | Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend | Coronavirus | Fabricated Content | Twitter, Government Figure | Inauthentic Social Media Account | United States of America, Iran, Russia | 2020-03-30 | Heidi Larson | |||
| Disinformation about Qatar surges in wake of COVID-19 | Coda Story | Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack | Coronavirus | Hashtag | Bot Account | Quatar | 2020-03-23 | Burhanw Wazir | ||||
| With help from American activists, Ukrainian women are being misled about abortion | openDemocracy | Abortion | Imposter Content | Inauthentic Website | Inauthentic Website | Ukraine | 2020-03-18 | Tetiana Kozak | ||||
| False coronavirus rumors surge in 'hidden viral' text messages | NBC News | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Text post | Text Message, WhatsApp | "Please Share" Call to Action | United States of America | 2020-03-16 | Ben Collins | |||
| Inside Italian public hospitals, I saw how a US-linked anti-abortion network is ‘humiliating’ women | openDemocracy | Abortion | Misleading Content | Inauthentic Advertisement | Inauthentic Advertisement, Poster | Italy | 2020-03-09 | Francesca Visser | Heartbeat International, Movimento per la Vita | |||
| This little girl has not vanished from your local area- | Full Fact | Missing Persons | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Website, Text post | United Kingdom | 2020-03-02 | Rachael Krishna | |||||
| How fake videos unravelled Pakistan’s war on polio | First Draft | Anti-Vaccine, Government, Healthcare | False Context | Video | Facebook, Twitter | Government Figure | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Peshawar | 2020-02-20 | Lydia Morrish | |||
| First Draft case study: Exploring the controversy around Dengvaxia and vaccine misinformation in the Philippines | First Draft | Anti-Vaccine, Government, Healthcare | Fabricated Content, False Connection, Misleading Content | Image, Meme, Screenshot, Text post, Video | Alternative Media, Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter | Facebook Groups, Mainstream Media | Phillipines | 2020-02-20 | Jacquelyn Mason, Rory Smith | |||
| Revealed: US-linked anti-abortion centres ‘lie’ and ‘scare women’ across Latin America | openDemocracy | Abortion | Imposter Content | Inauthentic Website | Inauthentic Website | Latin America, Mexico | 2020-02-12 | Isabella Cota | ||||
| Exclusive: Trump-linked religious ‘extremists’ target women with disinformation worldwide | openDemocracy | Abortion | Fabricated Content, Imposter Content | Article, Inauthentic Website | In-person, Inauthentic Services, Inauthentic Website | Argentina, Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Italy, Latin America, Mexico, Spain, Uganda | 2020-02-10 | Claire Provost, Nandini Archer | Heartbeat International, Human Life International | |||
| Facebook says a pro-Trump media outlet used artificial intelligence to create fake people and push conspiracies | NBC News | Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend | Trump | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages | Inauthentic Social Media Account, Online Advertisements, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2019-12-20 | Ben Collins | Epoch Times | ||||
| THE WAR ON PINEAPPLE: Understanding Foreign Interference in 5 Steps | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security | Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend, Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack, Publish: Defend, Research: Attack | Bot Account, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2019-07-01 | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security | |||||||
| It’s not true that dialling 55 in a silent 999 call lets the police track your location | Full Fact | Emergency Services | Manipulated Content | Image | "Please Share" Call to Action | United Kingdom | 2019-01-23 | Grace Rahman | ||||
| OF VIRALITY AND VIRUSES: THE ANTI-VACCINE MOVEMENT AND SOCIAL MEDIA | Nautilus Institite | Amplify: Attack | Anti-Vaccine, September 11 Attacks, Personal Attack | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Google Search | Online Advertisements, Cross Platform Sharing, Hashtag Hijacking, Public Figure / Celebrity, Mainstream Media, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Brigading, Inauthentic Social Media Account, Bot Account | United States of America | 2018-11-08 | Renée Diresta | ||||
| SOCIAL MEDIA BOTS OVERVIEW | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security | Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend, Publish: Attack, Publish: Defend | Bot Account | 2018-05-01 | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security | |||||||
| Why we need to understand misinformation through visuals | First Draft | Fabricated Content | Image | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United Kingdom | 2017-10-17 | Hannah Guy | |||||
| Has change really come? Misleading graphs and how to spot them | Rappler | Government | Misleading Content | Oral Statement, Text post | Government Figure, Government Website, Oral Statement | Government Figure | Phillipines | 2017-08-05 | JC Punongbayan | |||
| Ferial Haffajee: The Gupta Fake News Factory And Me | HUFFPOST | Feminism, Mainstream Media, Personal Attack | Fabricated Content, Satire or Parody | Image, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Manipulated Image, Meme, Text post | Bot Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account | 2017-08-02 | Ferial Haffajee, Marc Davies | |||||
| Kenya election: Fake CNN and BBC news reports circulate | BBC News | Elections, Government | Fabricated Content, Imposter Content | Video | Twitter, WhatsApp | Kenya | 2017-07-29 | Unattributed | ||||
| Did Emmanuel Macron open an offshore account ? | CrossCheck, First Draft | Elections, Government | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Screenshot | *chan, Alternative Media, Forum Post, Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting | Government Figure, Mainstream Media | France | 2017-05-05 | Unattributed | |||
| Did London Muslims “celebrate” a terrorist attack on the Champs-Elysees? | CrossCheck, First Draft | Manipulated Content | Text post, Video | Public Figure / Celebrity | France, United Kingdom | 2017-04-22 | Unattributed | |||||
| How Russia Is Using LinkedIn as a Tool of War Against Its U.S. Enemies | Newsweek | Article, Comments / Replies, Meme | 2017-03-08 | Jeff Stein | ||||||||
| Was Macron’s campaign for the French presidency financed by Saudi Arabia? | CrossCheck, First Draft | Elections, Government | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Website, Screenshot, Text post | Government Figure, Inauthentic Website, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter | Government Figure, Mainstream Media | France | 2017-03-02 | Unattributed | |||
| Meet the Macedonian Teens Who Mastered Fake News and Corrupted the US Election | WIRED | Clinton, Elections, Government, Healthcare, Trump | Fabricated Content | Article, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Website, Text post | Facebook, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Website, Personal Website | Facebook Groups | United States of America | 2017-02-15 | Samanth Subramanian | Content farm, North Macedonia, Veles | ||
| Trump Trolls Tell Hillary Clinton Supporters They Can Vote Via Text | Forbes | Elections, Government | Fabricated Content, Satire or Parody | Image, Inauthentic Advertisement, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Inauthentic Post Amplification | United States of America | 2016-11-03 | Fruzsina Eordogh | |||
| What was fake on the Internet this election: #DraftOurDaughters, Trump’s tax returns | The Washington Post | Clinton, Elections, Immigration, Trump | Fabricated Content, False Connection, Manipulated Content, Satire or Parody | Article, Hashtag, Image, Manipulated Image, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Social Media Account | United States of America | 2016-10-31 | Abby Ohlheiser | |||
| Former 'Kremlin Troll' Awarded $0.01 in Victory Over 'Propaganda Factory' | Vice News | Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack | Government, Pro-Government | Comments / Replies | Mainstream Media Websites: Comments / Replies | Inauthentic Social Media Account | 2015-08-18 | Unattributed | Agency for Internet Studies, Russia | |||
| Haunting 'Nepal quake victims' photo from Vietnam | BBC News | Disaster recovery, Nepal Earthquake | False Context | Image, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | 2015-05-04 | Nga Pham | |||||
| Surge of Virus Misinformation Stumps Facebook and Twitter | New York Times | Amplify: Attack, Amplify: Defend | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Imposter Content, Manipulated Content | Comments / Replies, Inauthentic Documents, Inauthentic Website, Screenshot, Text post, Video | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube | Facebook Groups | 2020-03-08 | Sheera Frenkel, Davey Alba, Raymond Zhong | |||
| QAnon: What is it and where did it come from? | BBC News, BBC Reality Check | Clinton, QAnon, Trump | Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-08-20 | Mike Wendling | ||||||
| Man pleads guilty to terrorism after Hoover Dam barricade | AP News | QAnon | 2020-02-12 | Ariz Kingman | ||||||||
| QAnon conspiracy theory on James Comey shuts school festival | BBC News | QAnon | Manipulated Content | Comments / Replies, Manipulated Image, Text post | 2019-05-10 | Unattributed | ||||||
| Eric Trump Promotes QAnon Conspiracy On Instagram While Plugging Tulsa Rally | Forbes | Amplify: Attack | QAnon | Image, Text post | Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-06-20 | Jack Brewster | ||||
| QAnon: Twitter bans accounts linked to conspiracy theory | BBC News | Calibrate: Defend, Position: Defend | QAnon | 2020-07-22 | Unattributed | |||||||
| Here are the QAnon supporters running for Congress in 2020 | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack | Elections, Government, QAnon | Comments / Replies, Hashtag, Image, Retweets/Likes, Text post, Video | Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-07-01 | Alex Kaplan | |||
| The definitive guide to Fox News' vaccine conspiracy theories | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack | Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Anti-Vaccine | Oral Statement, Video | Facebook, Mainstream Media Reporting, YouTube | Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-09-14 | Madeline Peltz | Fox News | ||
| A Sinclair interview of Trump's new COVID-19 adviser was full of misinformation | Media Matters | Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus | Oral Statement, Video | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | United States of America | 2020-09-15 | Zachary Pleat | Sinclair Broadcast Group | ||
| Trump amplified a bogus QAnon misinformation campaign against the CDC that is now flooding social media | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack | Coronavirus, QAnon | False Context | Hashtag, Image, Meme, Misleading Statistics, Text post | Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter | Facebook Groups, Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-09-03 | Olivia Little, Alex Kaplan | ||
| How Sinclair Broadcast Group is spreading dangerous coronavirus misinformation to local television news audiences | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack | Coronavirus | Oral Statement, Video | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-07-27 | Zachary Pleat | Sinclair Broadcast Group | ||
| News outlets give Trump the headlines he wants for vaporware drug executive order | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack | 2020 US Election, Government, Healthcare, Trump | False Connection, Fabricated Content | Article, Text post | Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter | Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-09-14 | Matt Gertz | ||
| A conspiracy theory about West Coast wildfires is flooding Facebook despite the site’s promises to remove misinformation | Media Matters | Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack, Produce: Attack, Publish: Attack | 2020 California Wildfires, Antifa, QAnon | Imposter Content, Fabricated Content | Hashtag, Image, Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Screenshot, Text post | Facebook Groups, Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2020-09-15 | Olivia Little, Alex Kaplan | |||
| Facebook’s big QAnon crackdown might have come too late | The Verge | Calibrate: Defend, Position: Attack, Position: Defend | QAnon | Facebook, Twitter, Reddit | United States of America | 2020-06-20 | Casey Newton | |||||
| The Boogaloo movement has successfully hijacked social networks to spread | The Verge | Calibrate: Defend, Research: Defend | Boogaloo Movement | Facebook Groups | 2020-06-25 | Casey Newton | ||||||
| The Technology 202: Facebook struggles to keep violent 'boogaloo' content off its platform | The Washington Post | Calibrate: Attack, Calibrate: Defend, Research: Defend | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, Bill Gates, George Soros, Boogaloo Movement | Facebook Groups, Facebook Algorithm | 2020-06-24 | Tonya Riley, Cat Zakrzewski | ||||||
| A woman inspired by QAnon conspiracy videos was arrested after live-streaming her trip to 'take out' Joe Biden | Insider | 2020 US Election, Clinton, Coronavirus, QAnon | United States of America | 2020-05-01 | Margot Harris | |||||||
| A QAnon conspiracy theory about Oprah Winfrey went so viral that it provoked her to respond, showing the scope of coronavirus misinformation | Insider | Amplify: Attack, Publish: Attack | QAnon | Facebook, Twitter | Cross Platform Sharing, Coordinated user action, Twitter Algorithm | 2020-03-18 | Kat Tenbarge | |||||
| Alt-right conspiracy group Q'Anon won't stop believing in its Trump-related prophecies, even after they fail | Insider | Research: Defend | Clinton, George Soros, QAnon | *chan, Alternative Media | Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2018-10-10 | Michael Barkun | ||||
| These influencers and celebrities are spreading debunked coronavirus hoaxes on their massive platforms | Insider | Amplify: Attack | Coronavirus | Satire or Parody, Fabricated Content | Screenshot, Text post, Voice Message | Instagram, Twitter | Please Share Call to Action, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-03-17 | Kat Tenbarge | ||
| QAnon conspiracy theorists are telling people to drink bleach as a cure against the deadly Wuhan coronavirus | Insider | Amplify: Attack, Position: Attack | Coronavirus, QAnon, Miracle Mineral Solution | Video | Personal Website, Twitter, YouTube | 2020-01-29 | Tom Porter | |||||
| Unlicensed medical 'cures' are flourishing in closed Facebook groups, where cancer treatments — and even surgery — are sold beyond the reach of the law | Insider | Position: Attack, Publish: Attack | Healthcare, MMS | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts | Facebook, Personal Website, YouTube | Facebook Groups | 2019-10-18 | Tom Porter | ||||
| How conspiracy theorists who claim drinking 'MMS' bleach is a cure for autism reached millions of people on YouTube | Business Insider | Amplify: Attack, Calibrate: Defend | Anti-Vaccine, Disinformation, Healthcare, MMS | Video | Facebook, YouTube | Cross Platform Sharing, YouTube Algorithm | 2019-05-21 | Tom Porter | ||||
| British man arrested in Uganda after promoting 'MMS' bleach as a cure for HIV and malaria | Business Insider | Healthcare, MMS | YouTube | Uganda | 2019-05-23 | Tom Porter | ||||||
| How three conspiracy theorists took 'Q' and sparked Qanon | NBC News | Position: Attack | Disinformation, QAnon | *chan, Facebook, Reddit, YouTube | Cross Platform Sharing | 2018-08-14 | Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny | |||||
| California Wildfire Suspect Posted About QAnon, Other Conspiracies | HUFFPOST | QAnon, 2018 California Wildfires | United States of America | 2018-10-08 | Sebastian Murdock | |||||||
| Twitter is bringing its ‘read before you retweet’ prompt to all users | The Verge | Amplify: Defend | 2020-09-25 | James Vincent | ||||||||
| ‘Ghostwriter’ Influence Campaign: REPORT Unknown Actors Leverage Website Compromises and Fabricated Content to Push Narratives Aligned with Russian Security Interests | FireEye | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Coronavirus, Military, Nato | Imposter Content, Manipulated Content, Fabricated Content | Article, Inauthentic Documents, Manipulated Image, Screenshot | Alternative Media, Inauthentic Website, Compromised Website | Inauthentic Persona, Compromised Account, Inauthentic Account, Targeted Email | Latvia, Lithuania, Poland | 2020-07-29 | Unattributed | Ghostwriter | |
| Vaccine Proponents Receive Death Threats. Again. | Forbes | Impact: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare | United States of America | 2019-07-22 | Nina Shapiro | ||||||
| Anti-Vaxxers Brought Their War to Minnesota—Then Came Measles | WIRED | Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender | Anti-Vaccine | United States of America | 2017-05-07 | Megan Molenti | ||||||
| Why Minnesota lost a battle against anti-vaccine campaigners | Vox | Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare | Oral Statement | In-person | United States of America | 2017-05-16 | Julia Belluz | ||||
| Anti-vaccine group sues Facebook, claims fact-checking is “censorship” | Ars Technica | Calibrate: Aggressor, Amplify: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare | 2020-08-18 | Kate Cox | |||||||
| A call to arms: helping family, friends and communities navigate the COVID-19 infodemic | Nature Research Journal | Research: Defender | Coronavirus, Healthcare | 2020-07-02 | Heidi Larson | |||||||
| Samoa Arrests Anti-Vaccination Activist As Measles Death Toll Rises | NPR | Impact: Aggressor, Position: Defender, Impact: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare | Samoa | 2019-12-06 | Merrit Kennedy | ||||||
| Anti-vaccine groups take dangerous online harassment into the real world | NBC News | Impact: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Reviews | United States of America | 2019-12-06 | Brandy Zadrozny, Erika Edwards | ||||
| QAnon Key Figure Revealed as Financial Information Security Analyst from New Jersey | Logically | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Research: Defender | QAnon | *chan, Personal Website | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-09-10 | Unattributed | |||||
| Conspiracy Theorists Without Borders: How QAnon Mutated In Europe | Logically | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | QAnon, Reichsbürgerbewegung | Meme, Music | Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube | Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity | France, Germany, United States of America | 2020-09-24 | Kristina Gildejeva | |||
| Disinformation’s spread: bots, trolls and all of us | Nature Research Journal | Research: Defender, Impact: Defender | 2019-07-24 | Kate Starbird | ||||||||
| Twitter is testing how its misinformation labels can be more obvious, direct | Reuters | Amplify: Defender | 2020 US Election, Coronavirus | Twitter Algorithm | 2020-10-06 | Elizabeth Culliford | ||||||
| This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories Outperformed Real News On Facebook | Buzzfeed News | Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Clinton, Trump, 2016 US Election | Satire or Parody, Fabricated Content | Article | Facebook Algorithm | 2016-11-16 | Craig Silverman | Burrard Street Journal, Conservative State, Ending the Fed | |||
| YouTube bans QAnon, other conspiracy content that targets individuals | NBC News | Impact: Aggressor, Amplify: Defender | QAnon | Video | YouTube | YouTube Algorithm | 2020-10-15 | Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny | ||||
| The Danger of Overstating the Impact of Information Operations | Lawfare | Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | 2020-10-23 | Yochai Benkler | ||||||||
| As Local News Dies, a Pay-for-Play Network Rises in Its Place | New York Times | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, Elections, Government | Article | Alternative Media | United States of America | 2020-10-18 | Davey Alba, Jack Nicas | ||||
| Democrats Are Launching “News” Outlets to Turn Swing-State Voters Against Trump | Vice News | Position: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, Elections | Article, Inauthentic Reporting | Alternative Media | United States of America | 2019-07-24 | David Uberti | ||||
| How a fake persona laid the groundwork for a Hunter Biden conspiracy deluge | NBC News | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 2020 US Election | Inauthentic Documents | *chan, Alternative Media, Facebook, Personal Website, Reddit, Twitter | Inauthentic Persona, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-10-29 | Ben Collins, Brandy Zadrozny | ||||
| ‘#OperationBlockTheBus’: Inside the Pro-Trump FB Group Where Biden Bus Convoy Was Organized | Snopes | Impact: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, QAnon | Facebook Groups | United States of America | 2020-11-02 | Unattributed | |||||
| Winston Churchill waged war on paper over 'fake news' photo caption | The Guardian | Produce: Aggressor | Disinformation, Government | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2020-08-09 | Jamie Doward | |||||
| Zoom lied to users about end-to-end encryption for years, FTC says | Ars Technica | Publish: Aggressor, Publish: Defender | Corporate Inauthenticity | Manipulated Content | Article, Inauthentic Advertisement | Company Website | 2020-11-09 | Jon Brodkin | ||||
| Steve Bannon Caught Running a Network of Misinformation Pages on Facebook | Gizmodo | Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Position: Defender | 2020 US Election | Facebook Groups, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-10-11 | Whitney Kimball | |||||
| Microsoft: ‘please do not blow vape smoke into your Xbox Series X’ | The Verge | Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Products | Manipulated Content | Video | 2020-11-11 | Chaim Gartenberg | |||||
| The different forms of COVID-19 misinformation and their consequences | Harvard Kennedy School | Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Amplify: Defender | Coronavirus | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2020-11-16 | Adam Enders, Casey Klofstad, Joseph Uscinski, Justin Stoler | |||||
| Delusional COVID Truthers Try to Invade Hospital Where This Mom Died Too Soon | Daily Beast | Impact: Aggressor | Coronavirus | United States of America | 2020-11-18 | Michael Daly | ||||||
| A QAnon Mom Is Accused Of Killing A Man After She Believed He Was Keeping Her Children From Her | Buzzfeed News | Impact: Aggressor | QAnon | United States of America | 2020-11-18 | Tasneem Nashrulla | ||||||
| Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence | Plos One | Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender | Climate Crisis | 2017-05-05 | John Cook, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich Ecker | |||||||
| An AI tool can distinguish between a conspiracy theory and a true conspiracy | Nieman Lab | Position: Defender, Produce: Defender | Pizzagate | *chan, Reddit | 2020-11-16 | Timothy Tangherlini | ||||||
| USING AI IN THE WAR AGAINST FAKE NEWS | Mike Walsh | Produce: Defender, Publish: Defender | Pizzagate | 2020-08-27 | Mike Walsh, Timothy Tangherlini | |||||||
| Dissecting the #PizzaGate Conspiracy Theories | New York Times | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Pizzagate | *chan, Facebook, Reddit, Twitter, YouTube | 2016-12-10 | Cecilia Kang, Gregor Aisch, Jon Huang | ||||||
| The disinformation system that Trump unleashed will outlast him. Here’s what reality-based journalists must do about it. | The Washington Post | Publish: Defender, Amplify: Defender, Impact: Defender | 2020 US Election, Trump | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | United States of America | 2020-11-22 | Margaret Sullivan | ||||
| QAnon's Dominion voter fraud conspiracy theory reaches the president | NBC News | Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, QAnon | Alternative Media, Twitter | 2020-11-13 | Ben Collins | ||||||
| How Steve Bannon and a Chinese Billionaire Created a Right-Wing Coronavirus Media Sensation | New York Times | Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Position: Defender, Publish: Defender, Amplify: Defender | 2020 US Election, Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare | Article, Inauthentic Reporting, Video | Alternative Media, Facebook, Instagram, Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter, YouTube, Parler, Podcast | Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Account, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-11-20 | Amy Qin, Danny Hakim, Vivian Wang | ||||
| Designed to Deceive: Do These People Look Real to You? | New York Times | Position: Defender | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts | Inauthentic Persona | 2020-11-21 | Jeremy White, Kashmir Hill | |||||
| How fake faces are being weaponized online | CNN | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Human Rights Activists, Trump | Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post | Facebook, Twitter | Inauthentic Account | 2020-02-20 | Donnie O'Sullivan | |||
| Neither youth nor maturity makes you immune to misinformation | SunSentinel | Research: Defender | 2020-11-20 | Carol McCarthy | ||||||||
| Hundreds dead' because of Covid-19 misinformation | BBC News | Impact: Aggressor | Coronavirus, Miracle Mineral Solution | 2020-08-12 | Alistair Coleman | |||||||
| Telegram Still Hasn’t Removed an AI Bot That’s Abusing Women | WIRED | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Publish: Defender | Manipulated Content | Deepfake | Telegram | 2020-11-18 | Matt Burgess | |||||
| How a Terror Group Recruited Budding Neo-Nazis | Vice News | Research: Aggressor, Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | White Supremacy | Telegram, iFunny | 2020-11-24 | Ben Makuch, Mack Lamoureux, Zachary Kamel | The Base | |||||
| Neo-Nazi Terror Groups Are Using iFunny to Recruit | Vice News | Position: Aggressor | White Supremacy | Meme, Video | iFunny, Telegram | 2019-11-14 | Mack Lamoureux, Zachary Kamel | |||||
| Quick D: UFO on the Moon | Captain Disillusion | Produce: Aggressor | Fabricated Content | Video | 2020-01-03 | Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion | ||||||
| Hundreds dead' because of Covid-19 misinformation | BBC News, BBC Reality Check | Impact: Aggressor | Coronavirus, Miracle Mineral Solution | 2020-08-12 | Alistair Coleman | |||||||
| Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation | BBC News | Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | 5G, Coronavirus, White Supremacy | Text post | Facebook, Government Figure, Twitter, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-05-27 | Marianna Spring | ||||
| How I talk to the victims of conspiracy theories | BBC News | Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Coronavirus, Government, Healthcare, QAnon | 2020-11-01 | Marianna Spring | |||||||
| Quick D: Gyro Drop | Captain Disillusion | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Manipulated Content | Video | Twitter, YouTube | 2019-10-04 | Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion | |||||
| Mr. Flare Explains: The Virgin Mary | Captain Disillusion | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Manipulated Content | Video | 2018-12-12 | Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion | ||||||
| Marble Sorting Machine DEBUNK | Captain Disillusion | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Fabricated Content | Video | Facebook, YouTube | 2018-06-28 | Alan Melikdjanian, Captain Disillusion | |||||
| The Kraken: What is it and why has Trump's ex-lawyer released it? | BBC News, BBC Reality Check | Amplify: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, QAnon | 2020-11-28 | Unattributed | |||||||
| Brave New War | The Atlantic | Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Impact: Defender | Government, Military | 2015-12-29 | Peter Pomerantsev | |||||||
| Local Green Group Actually a Front for Far-Right Activists | Vice News | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender | Climate Crisis, White Supremacy | In-person, Instagram, Telegram, Twitter | 2020-10-27 | https://www.vice.com/en/article/93wkk7/generation-identity-uk-local-matters-far-right | ||||||
| Vaccine rumours debunked: Microchips, 'altered DNA' and more | BBC Reality Check | Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Healthcare | False Connection, Misleading Content, False Context | Image, Meme, Video | Facebook, TikTok | 2020-12-02 | Flora Carmichael, Jack Goodman | ||||
| Man who believed virus was hoax loses wife to Covid-19 | BBC News | Impact: Aggressor | 5G, Coronavirus, Government | 2020-08-24 | Marianna Spring | |||||||
| How Misinformation ‘Superspreaders’ Seed False Election Theories | New York Times | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, Elections | Hashtag, Image, Text post, Video | Facebook, Twitter | Facebook Algorithm, Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2020-11-23 | Sheera Frenkel | ||||
| Facebook Knows That Adding Labels To Trump’s False Claims Does Little To Stop Their Spread | Buzzfeed News | Amplify: Defender, Impact: Defender | 2020 US Election, Elections | Facebook, Twitter | 2020-11-16 | Craig Silverman, Ryan Mac | ||||||
| The Making of a YouTube Radical | New York Times | Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Amplify: Defender | Feminism, White Supremacy, Redpilling | Video | YouTube | YouTube Algorithm | 2019-06-08 | Kevin Roose | ||||
| From Memes to Infowars: How 75 Fascist Activists Were “Red-Pilled” | Bellingcat | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | Redpilling, White Supremacy, 2016 US Election | Meme, Text post, Video | *chan, Reddit, YouTube, Discord | Public Figure / Celebrity, YouTube Algorithm | 2018-10-11 | Robert Evans | ||||
| How Technology Helped Martin Luther Change Christianity | NPR | Amplify: Aggressor | White Supremacy, Religion | Article | 2016-11-20 | Tom Gjelten | ||||||
| 1920-21 | Exposing the ‘Protocols’ as a Fraud | New York Times | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Anti-Semitism, White Supremacy, 2016 US Election | Imposter Content, Fabricated Content | Article | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | 2016-10-27 | David Dunlap | |||
| Prebunking interventions based on “inoculation” theory can reduce susceptibility to misinformation across cultures | Harvard Kennedy School | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Imposter Content, Fabricated Content | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Twitter | Bot Account, Inauthentic Post Amplification | 2020-01-01 | Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden, Thomas Nygren | |||||
| "The Great Moon Hoax" is published in the "New York Sun" | History.com | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Aliens | Satire or Parody | Mainstream Media Reporting | Mainstream Media | United States of America | 2009-11-24 | Unattributed | |||
| REVISIONS OF REALITY; The Three Warfares—China’s New Way of War | Legatum Foundation | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | Article, Inauthentic Documents, Oral Statement | Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting, State Media | Mainstream Media | China | 2015-09-01 | Laura Jackson | ||||
| The QAnon Timeline: Four Years, 5,000 Drops and Countless Failed Prophecies | Bellingcat | Produce: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender | 2020 US Election, Antifa, Clinton, Coronavirus, Disinformation, Elections, Pizzagate, QAnon, Trump | Fabricated Content | Text post | *chan | 2021-01-29 | Edward Tian | ||||
| The Making of QAnon: A Crowdsourced Conspiracy | Bellingcat | Research: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | 2020 US Election, Pizzagate, QAnon, Trump | Fabricated Content | Text post | *chan | 2021-01-07 | The Q Origins Project | ||||
| QAnon Led the Storming of the US Capitol | Vice News | Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, Antifa, QAnon, 2021 US Capitol Riots, False Flag | 2021-01-06 | David Gilbert | |||||||
| Is QAnon taking over America? Not so fast | The Guardian | Research: Defender | QAnon | 2020-08-18 | Adam Enders, Joseph Uscinski | |||||||
| QAnon Is Just the Standard Trump Train Now | New York Magazine | Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender | QAnon | 2019-04-19 | Brian Feldman | |||||||
| Anti-vaccine protesters temporarily shut down vaccine site | ABC News | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus | United States of America | 2021-01-31 | The Associated Press | ||||||
| I Helped Uncover QAnon. Failed Prophecies Won’t Kill It | The Information | Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender | 2021-01-23 | Paris Martineau | ||||||||
| Prophecy Fail - What happens to a doomsday cult when the world doesn’t end? | SLATE | Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender | Armageddon | 2011-05-20 | Vaughan Bell | |||||||
| Antivaxx microinfluencers are Facebook’s next big problem | WIRED | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Calibrate: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare, QAnon | Text post, Video | Coordinated user action, Facebook Algorithm, Facebook Groups | Australia, United Kingdom, United States of America | 2021-01-29 | Gian Volpicelli | ||||
| Not Anti-Vaccine, Anti COVID-Vaccine: Misinformation Trends in the UK | Logically | Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | 5G, Abortion, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare, QAnon | Article, Text post, Video | Alternative Media, Facebook, YouTube | Facebook Algorithm, Facebook Groups, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | United Kingdom | 2020-12-02 | Joe Ondrak, Kristina Gildejeva, Edie Miller | |||
| COVID and 5G and Vaccines, Oh My! Why so Many Conspiracies Merge Together | Logically | Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 5G, Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare, QAnon | Cultic Milieu | 2020-05-07 | Joe Ondrak | ||||||
| Exclusive: A UK Anti-Trafficking Facebook Group Is Indoctrinating Mums and Survivors Into QAnon | Logically | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | QAnon | Hashtag, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages | *chan, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube | Facebook Groups, Hashtag Hijacking | United Kingdom | 2020-10-15 | Joe Ondrak | |||
| It Was Never About the Kids: How QAnon Is Hijacking Movements Against Child Trafficking and Taking the Pro-Trump #Pizzagate to the Streets | Logically | Position: Aggressor, Research: Defender | QAnon | Hashtag, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages | Facebook Groups, Hashtag Hijacking | 2020-08-13 | Nick Backovic | |||||
| A Bible Burning, a Russian News Agency and a Story Too Good to Check Out | New York Times | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor | 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, 2020 US Election, Antifa | False Context | Article, Text post, Video | Mainstream Media Reporting, Twitter, Inauthentic News Site | Government Figure, Inauthentic News Site, Public Figure / Celebrity, Twitter Algorithm, Information Laundering | 2020-08-11 | Matthew Rosenberg, Julian Barnes | |||
| Enlisting Useful Idiots: the Ties Between Online Harassment and Disinformation | Colorado Technology Law Journal | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender, Produce: Defender, Impact: Defender | 2016 US Election, Anti-Semitism, Feminism, Government, Mainstream Media, Pro-Government, White Supremacy, Political Inauthenticity, Gamergate | Image, Inauthentic Reporting, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Groups / Pages, Manipulated Image, Meme, Text post, Video | *chan, Facebook, Reddit, Twitter | Bot Account, Coordinated user action, Cross Platform Sharing, Facebook Groups, Inauthentic Persona, Inauthentic Post Amplification, Inauthentic Account, Information Laundering, Public Figure / Celebrity | 2021-01-20 | Brittan Heller | ||||
| UK's youngest terror offender, boy, 16, sentenced | BBC News | Position: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | Anti-Semitism, White Supremacy, Homophobia | Forum Post | 2021-02-08 | Unattributed | ||||||
| From Anonymous to QAnon feat Dale Beran, Matt Alt, Fredrick Brennan & Fuxnet | The QAnon Anonymous Podcast | Research: Defender | 2016 US Election, Gamergate, Government, QAnon, Trump | *chan | Coordinated user action | 2021-02-04 | The QAnon Anonymous Podcast | |||||
| QAnon's Great Disappointment | The QAnon Anonymous Podcast | Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Research: Defender | 2020 US Election, 2021 US Capitol Riots, QAnon | *chan, Parler, Telegram, TikTok, Twitter | 2021-01-28 | The QAnon Anonymous Podcast | ||||||
| Movie at the Ellipse: A Study in Fascist Propaganda | Just Security | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, 2021 US Capitol Riots, QAnon, Trump, White Supremacy | Video | Government Figure, In-person | Government Figure | United States of America | 2021-02-04 | Jason Stanley | |||
| Trump Embraces One Of Russia's Favorite Propaganda Tactics — Whataboutism | npr | Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Trump | Text post | Government Figure, Twitter | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2017-03-17 | Danielle Kurtzleben | |||
| The Slippery Slope of Trump’s Dangerous ‘Whataboutism’ | Foreign Policy | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Trump | Oral Statement | Mainstream Media Reporting | Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2017-02-07 | Jake Sullivan | |||
| In the crosshairs of Azerbaijan’s patriotic trolls | Open Democracy | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Government | Text post | Mainstream Media Websites: Comments / Replies, Twitter | Azerbaijan | 2016-11-22 | Arzu Geybulla | ||||
| Et tu quoque, Trudeau? How Saudi trolls slammed Canada in a diplomatic spat | CBC | Produce: Aggressor | Government | Canada, Saudi Arabia | 2018-08-10 | Brent Bambury | ||||||
| Recycling Israeli propaganda tactics to defend Saudi Arabia | The New Arab | Produce: Aggressor | Saudi Arabia, Israel | 2018-11-12 | Muhammad Shehada | |||||||
| In response to Trump, China gets mean | Politico | Produce: Aggressor | Text post | Government Figure, Twitter | Government Figure | United States of America, China | 2019-12-08 | Nahal Toosi | ||||
| Kremlin TV Loves Anti-War Protests—Unless Russia Is the One Waging War | The New Republic | Produce: Aggressor | State Media | Mainstream Media | Russia | 2014-03-02 | Julia Ioffe | |||||
| Russia Complains To Azerbaijan About Discrimination Against Armenians | eurasianet | Produce: Aggressor | Government Figure | Russia, Azerbaijan | 2017-07-05 | Joshua Kucera | ||||||
| Childish Rants or Putin-Style Propaganda? | Mother Jones | Produce: Aggressor | 2016 US Election, Trump | Text post | Government Figure, Twitter | Government Figure, Public Figure / Celebrity | United States of America | 2017-05-20 | Denise Clifton | |||
| Whataboutism | The Economist | Produce: Aggressor | Russia | 2008-01-31 | Unattributed | |||||||
| We need ‘whataboutism’ now more than ever | Aljazeera America | 2015-01-26 | Christian Christensen | |||||||||
| Whataboutism: Finger-wagging as a political tactic | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor, Produce: Defender | 2018-08-23 | David Quantick | ||||||||
| The Soviet-Era Strategy That Explains What Russia Is Doing With Snowden | The Atlantic | Produce: Aggressor | Government | Russia, United States of America | 2013-08-02 | Olga Khazan | ||||||
| Donald Trump’s Whataboutism | The Diplomat | Produce: Aggressor | 2016 US Election, Trump | United States of America | 2016-07-22 | Catherine Putz | ||||||
| A pro-Russia propaganda campaign is using over 180 TikTok influencers to promote the invasion of Ukraine | Media Matters | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Hashtag, Video | TikTok | Coordinated user action, Public Figure / Celebrity | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-03-11 | Abbie Richards | |||
| Russian TikTok Influencers Are Being Paid to Spread Kremlin Propaganda | Vice News | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Coronavirus, Government | Hashtag, Video | Instagram, TikTok | Coordinated user action, Public Figure / Celebrity | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-03-11 | David Gilbert | |||
| The White House is briefing TikTok stars about the war in Ukraine | The Washington Post | Amplify: Defender | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Video | TikTok | Public Figure / Celebrity | Russia, Ukraine, United States of America | 2022-03-11 | Taylor Lorenz | |||
| Influencers say Russia-linked PR agency asked them to disparage Pfizer vaccine | The Guardian | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Video | Instagram, TikTok, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | France, Germany, Russia, United Kingdom | 2021-05-25 | Jon Henley | |||
| Une mystérieuse agence demande à des influenceurs français de dénigrer le vaccin Pfizer | numerama | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Video | Instagram, TikTok, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | France, Russia | 2021-05-24 | Julien Cadot | |||
| La Russie derrière une campagne de lobbying anti Pfizer ? | Fact & Furious | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Video | YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | France, Russia, United Kingdom | 2021-05-24 | Antoine Daoust | |||
| The anti-vax influencer plot that flopped | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Video | Instagram, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | Russia, China | 2021-07-24 | Charlie Haynes, Flora Carmichael, Ed Main | |||
| Kenyan influencers paid to take 'guerrilla warfare' online | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Government | Comments / Replies, Hashtag, Image, Meme | Coordinated user action, Public Figure / Celebrity | Kenya | 2021-09-13 | Emmanuel Onyango | ||||
| The YouTubers who blew the whistle on an anti-vax plot | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Misleading Content, False Context | Video | Instagram, YouTube | Public Figure / Celebrity | France, Germany, India, United Kingdom | 2021-07-25 | Charlie Haynes, Flora Carmichael | ||
| The “Next Frontier of Propaganda”: Micro-Influencers are Paid to Spread Political Messages, Disinformation | Promarket | Public Figure / Celebrity | 2021-01-13 | Jana Kasperkevic | ||||||||
| Social Media Influencers and the 2020 U.S. Election: Paying ‘Regular People’ for Digital Campaign Communication | TEXAS Moody Media Engagement | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 2020 US Election, Coronavirus, QAnon | TikTok | 2020-10-01 | Anastasia Goodwin, Katie Joseff, Samuel Woolley | ||||||
| “Disinformation influencers” for hire, only $15 a day | Rest of World | Position: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Government | Hashtag | Coordinated user action, Public Figure / Celebrity | Kenya | 2021-09-02 | Vittoria Elliott | ||||
| In the Ukraine Conflict, Fake Fact-Checks Are Being Used to Spread Disinformation | ProPublica | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Imposter Content | Video | Government Figure, Reddit, State Media, Telegram, Twitter | Government Figure, Mainstream Media, Public Figure / Celebrity | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-03-08 | Craig Silverman, Jeff Kao | ||
| The Tories' factcheckUK Twitter stunt was cleverly designed to fail | WIRED | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-20 | James Temperton | |||
| factcheckUK or fakecheckUK? Reinventing the political faction as the impartial factchecker | Dr Claire Hardaker | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-21 | Claire Hardaker | |||
| “The Facts, the Facty-Facts! How dull…” | Ellen Judson | Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-21 | Ellen Judson | |||
| Election debate: Conservatives criticised for renaming Twitter profile 'factcheckUK' | BBC News | Publish: Aggressor | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts, Text post | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-20 | Dave Lee | |||
| Twitter threatens 'corrective action' against Boris Johnson’s Conservatives party after it created a fake fact-checking service | Business Insider | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Calibrate: Defender | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-20 | Thomas Colson | |||
| FactcheckUK: How Twitter’s rules let Tories convincingly rebrand as fact checkers | The Independent | Position: Aggressor | Elections, Government | Imposter Content | Imposter Social Media Accounts, Inauthentic Social Media Accounts | Government Figure | United Kingdom | 2019-11-19 | Andrew Griffin | |||
| Fox News Doctored Clips of Obama’s Visit to the White House to Make It Seem Like Biden Was Lost | Rolling Stone | Produce: Aggressor | Government | False Context | Text post, Video | Mainstream Media Reporting, Telegram | Mainstream Media | United States of America | 2022-04-06 | Ryan Bort | ||
| This Script Sends Junk Data to Ohio’s Website for Snitching on Workers | Vice News | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Coronavirus, Employment | Fabricated Content | Government Website | Bot Account | United States of America | 2020-05-13 | Janus Rose | |||
| TikTokers say thousands of them are spamming the tip line set up by Virginia's GOP governor to report teachers over critical race theory | Insider | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | White Supremacy | Fabricated Content | Government Website | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2022-01-27 | Sophia Ankel | |||
| TikTokers flood Texas abortion whistleblower site with Shrek memes, fake reports and porn | The Guardian | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Abortion, Government | Fabricated Content | Government Website | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2021-09-03 | Kari Paul | |||
| Reddit Mind-Hacktivists conduct a Disinformation Campaign against Kelloggs | DisinfoDB | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Employment | Fabricated Content | Bot Account, Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2021-12-13 | DisinfoDB | ||||
| Pro-Russian accounts and 'fake news' sites are trying to claim that satellite imagery [...] are fake | Twitter Post | Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Misleading Content, False Context, Fabricated Content | Alternative Media, Telegram | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-04-10 | Benjamin Strick | ||||
| Kenya election: Fake CNN and BBC news reports circulate | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor | Elections | Imposter Content | Video | Facebook, WhatsApp | Kenya | 2017-07-29 | Unattributed | |||
| Understanding Information disorder - Imposter Content | First Draft | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor | Elections, Immigration, White Supremacy | Imposter Content | Inauthentic Website, Manipulated Image | France, Kenya, United Kingdom, United States of America | 2019-10-01 | Claire Wardle | ||||
| Fact Check-Image claiming to show BBC headline warning that excessive breathing may lead to a heart attack is fabricated | Reuters Fact Check | Produce: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, Healthcare | Imposter Content | Image, Text post | Facebook, Instagram, Twitter | United Kingdom | 2022-02-11 | Reuters Fact Check | |||
| Russian Telegram channel embraces fact-checking tropes to spread disinformation | DFRLab | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Misleading Content, False Context | Inauthentic Website, Telegram | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-03-07 | Ingrid Dickinson | ||||
| Parents opposing mask mandates bombard school districts with sham legal claims | NBC News, MSNBC | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Coronavirus, Healthcare, QAnon | Imposter Content, Fabricated Content | Threat of Legal Action | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2022-02-21 | Craig Melvin, Ben Collins | |||
| Paper terrorism: Parents against mask mandates bombard school districts with sham legal claims | NBC News | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Coronavirus, QAnon, Sovereign Citizen | Misleading Content, Fabricated Content | Threat of Legal Action | Telegram | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2022-02-21 | Tyler Kingkade, Ben Collins | ||
| Paper Terrorism - Anti-government vigilantes wield a subtle weapon | Harper's Magazine | Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | Sovereign Citizen | Misleading Content, Fabricated Content | Threat of Legal Action | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2018-10-01 | Anne Diebel, Tyler Maroney | Sovereign Citizens | ||
| Weapons of mass distraction: strategies for countering the paper terrorism of sovereign citizens | Dudley Knox Library | Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Calibrate: Defender, Impact: Defender | Sovereign Citizen | 2018-03-01 | Terri March-Safbom | |||||||
| "Paper terrorism" spreads to Ankeny schools | Axios | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor | Anti-Vaccine, Healthcare, Sovereign Citizen, White Supremacy | Misleading Content, Fabricated Content | Threat of Legal Action | Coordinated user action | United States of America | 2022-02-23 | Linh Ta | |||
| Fact Check-The BBC did not release a video suggesting Ukraine was responsible for the missile attack on Kramatorsk railway station | Reuters Fact Check | Produce: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Imposter Content | Video | Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom | 2022-04-13 | Reuters Fact Check | ||||
| BBC warns over fake news video | BBC News | Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Imposter Content | Video | Facebook, State Media, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube | Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom | 2022-04-13 | Alistair Coleman | |||
| 🚨URGENT: There’s a FAKE video with BBC branding doing the rounds about the Kramatorsk station attack, saying that Ukraine was responsible. THIS IS NOT A BBC VIDEO. IT IS A FAKE. | Alistair Coleman | Produce: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Imposter Content | Video | Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom | 2022-04-13 | Alistair Coleman | ||||
| Slipping Racism into the Mainstream: A Theory of Information Laundering | Adam Klein | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | White Supremacy | Alternative Media, Facebook, Government Figure, Mainstream Media Reporting, YouTube | 2012-11-01 | Adam Klein | ||||||
| How Conspiracy Theories Get ‘Laundered’ in Cyberspace | DataDrivenInvestor | Position: Aggressor, Produce: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor | Worms | 2020-08-21 | Beth Bradford | |||||||
| Online Information Laundering: The Role of Social Media | Alliance for Securing Democracy | Position: Aggressor, Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Calibrate: Defender, Impact: Defender | 2016 US Election, Black Lives Matter, Clinton, Immigration, Pizzagate, White Supremacy | Inauthentic Social Media Accounts | Facebook, Reddit, Twitter | Russia, United States of America | 2018-01-09 | Kirill Meleshevich, Bret Schafer | ||||
| Exploring the Information-Laundering Ecosystem: The Russian Case | Center for Strategic & International Studies | Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor, Impact: Defender | 2016 US Election | Russia, United States of America | 2017-08-31 | Boris Toucas | ||||||
| From Information Laundering to Influence: Russia's Footprints in Germany | EUvsDisinfo | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Publish: Defender, Amplify: Defender | Anti-Vaccine, Bill Gates, Coronavirus, Pizzagate | Germany, Russia | 2020-12-15 | Unattributed | ||||||
| ‘We Can Only Be Enemies’ | The Atlantic | Impact: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-05-02 | Peter Pomerantsev | ||||||
| I Watched Russian TV So You Don’t Have To | The Atlantic | Publish: Aggressor, Amplify: Aggressor, Calibrate: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Mainstream Media Reporting, State Media | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-03-10 | Olga Khazan | |||||
| Fact Check-Image purporting to show TIME magazine cover claiming that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky no longer uses ‘z’ and ‘v’ letters is digitally altered | Reuters Fact Check | Produce: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Imposter Content | Image | Facebook, Twitter | Ukraine | 2022-04-19 | Unattributed | |||
| Fact Check-Fake BBC News social media post quoting President Macron saying Russian sanctions would lead to 60 million refugees in Europe | Reuters Fact Check | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Immigration | Imposter Content | Image, Manipulated Image, Screenshot | Facebook, Twitter | France, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom | 2022-04-18 | Unattributed | ||||
| Fact Check-Screenshot purporting to show CNN tweet claiming that child soldiers are fighting in eastern Ukraine is digitally altered | Reuters Fact Check | Produce: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, War | False Context, Imposter Content | Image, Manipulated Image, Screenshot | Facebook, Instagram, Twitter | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-04-15 | Unattributed | |||
| Fact Check-Image purporting to show Time magazine cover warning of an impending ice age is digitally altered | Reuters Fact Check | Produce: Aggressor | Climate Crisis | Imposter Content | Image | 2021-11-01 | Unattributed | |||||
| How Ukraine's 'Ghost of Kyiv' legendary pilot was born | BBC News | Amplify: Aggressor, Impact: Aggressor | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | Misleading Content, False Context | Image | Telegram, Twitter | Government Figure | Russia, Ukraine | 2022-05-01 | Laurence Peter | ||
| Article Title | Source | Disinformation Cycle Stage | Content Context | Information Disorder Type | Content Type | Dissemination Platform | Amplification Method | Geography | Article Publish Date | Article Author | Aggressor |